BACKGROUND Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's Disease, are the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases in elderly people and cause various cognitive, behavioural and motor defects, but also progressive language disorders. For communication and social interactions, mice produce ultrasonic vocalization (USV) via expiratory airflow through the larynx. We examined USV of Tau.P301L mice, a mouse mo...

The cuneiform (CnF) and Kolliker-Fuse (KF) nuclei are implicated in several functions including regulation of cardiovascular system and pain modulation. The KF also is a potential candidate for relaying the CnF cardiovascular responses to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). In a previous study we showed that blockade of the KF strongly attenuated the short responses and moderately attenua...

The distribution of adrenocorticotropin hormone/corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide was studied in the cat brain stem, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. No immunoreactive cell bodies were observed. However, a high density of immunoreactive fibers was found in the periaqueductal gray, the dorsal nucleus of the raphe, the locus coeruleus, and the marginal nucleus of the brach...

Clinical observations have long indicated a vestibular influence on autonomic function. Neuroanatomical studies in the rabbit and in the cat have identified descending vestibulo-autonomic pathways from the caudal portion of the medial vestibular nucleus and the inferior vestibular nucleus to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and some brain stem medu...

Introduction: Several supra spinal areas such as rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) area are involved in basic cardiovascular regulation. The Kolliker— Fuse nucleus (KF) is located in pons and is heavily connected with RVLM. The cardiovascular effect of KF nucleus has been shown and it is suggested that KF is involved in sympathetic vasomotor tone and basic cardiovascular regulation. Therefor...

The purpose of this study was to determine the funicular location of descending catecholamine (CA) fibers innervating the lumbar spinal cord from the dorsolateral pons (DLP). The locations of catecholamine-containing cell bodies which project to the lumbar spinal cord were determined by combining the use of the retrogradely transported fluorescent dye, Evans Blue (EB), with the glyoxylic acid h...

According to FUJITA (1957) and TAKUMA (1960), the structure of the dentinal tubule wall in human dentin has been studied by KOLLIKER, NEUMANN, WALKHOFF, FLEISCHMANN, HANAZAWA, MEYER and ORBAN. Recently, TAKUMA and TSUCHIKURA (1950) found by means of the electron microscope that the dentinal tubules were lined with a hypercalcified area, and designated it as peritubular hypercalcified matrix. Th...

The rhythmic heart beat is regulated by a precisely timed sequence of pacemaking impulses that propagate through the cardiac conduction system (Tawara, 1906; Goldenberg and Rothberger, 1936; Bozler, 1942; Fig. 1A). Pacemaking impulses are periodically generated at the sinoatrial node and spread through atrial myocytes initiating contraction of both atrial chambers. The electrical excitation is ...

Expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos, a marker of neuronal activation was employed in adult anesthetized non-decerebrate cats, in order to localize the brainstem neuronal populations functionally related to sniff-like (gasp-like) aspiration reflex (AR). Tissues were immunoprocessed using an antibody raised against amino acids of Fos and the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. The l...

T H E limbs of amniote embryos are characterized by a thickening of the epiblast at their tips (Balfour, 1885). Kolliker (1879) illustrated such a thickening in a section of a chick embryo and, according to Braus (1906), was responsible for the term 'ectodermal cap' {Ektodermkappe). Saunders (1948) showed in the chick by experimental means that 'the thickened ectoderm at the apex of the bud' is...