direct yaw moment control systems (dyc) can maintain the vehicle in the driver’s desired path by distributing the asymmetric longitudinal forces and the generation of the control yaw moment (cym). in order to achieve the superior control performance, intelligent usage of lateral forces is also required. the lateral wheel forces have an indirect effect on the cym and based upon their directions,...

Kelvin probe force spectroscopy was used to characterize the charge distribution of individual molecules with polar bonds. Whereas this technique represents the charge distribution with moderate resolution for large tip-molecule separations, it fails for short distances. Here, we introduce a novel local force spectroscopy technique which allows one to better disentangle electrostatic from other...

To explain the cause of axial rotation in a scoliotic vertebral column, the influence of the gravitation force on a spine with a C-scoliosis has been investigated by means of a mechanical model. In this model the gravitation force takes hold of the three-dimensionally curved vertebral column eccentrically. From these reflections it appears that the axial rotation in the scoliotic spine can be e...

Buckling analysis of thin cylindrical shells is very important due to their production process.  Usually longitudinal and transversal stiffeners are used to increase the buckling stiffness. In this paper, considering a thin cylindrical shell with longitudinal and transversal ribs subjected to axial force and lateral pressure, the influence of different aspect of axial force to lateral pressure ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS β-Dystroglycan (β-DG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that links the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and is crucial for the molecular pathway of lateral force transmission in muscle. We aimed to investigate the effect of decreasing sarcolemmal cholesterol on the distribution of β-DG, its interaction with dystrophin and the impact on the contraction efficie...

OBJECTIVE In orthodontic treatment, intrusion movement of maxillary incisors is often necessary. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to evaluate the initial distribution patterns and magnitude of compressive stress in the periodontal ligament (PDL) in a simulation of orthodontic intrusion of maxillary incisors, considering the points of force application. METHODS Anatomic 3D mod...

conclusions the taping technique, as applied in this study demonstrates an impressive effect on wrist extension force and grip strength of patients with te. elbow taping also reduces pain at the lateral aspect of the elbow in these patients. background tennis elbow (te) is a common musculotendinous degenerative disorder of the extensor origin at the lateral humeral epicondyle. different modes o...