Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) can be activated by nonbacterial agonists, including saturated fatty acids. However, downstream signaling pathways activated by nonbacterial agonists are not known. Thus, we determined the downstream signaling pathways derived from saturated fatty acid-induced TLR4 activation. Saturated fatty acid (lauric acid)-induced NFkappaB activation was inhibited by a dominant-...

Cytochrome P450 (P450) 4A11 is the only functionally active subfamily 4A P450 in humans. P450 4A11 catalyzes mainly ω-hydroxylation of fatty acids in liver and kidney; this process is not a major degradative pathway, but at least one product, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, has important signaling properties. We studied catalysis by P450 4A11 and the issue of rate-limiting steps using lauric a...

Indonesia especially in Kalimantan has many herbs that are used by the people as traditional medicine such pampaken (Durio kutejensis) and secondary metabolite root bark potential to be explore. However, study of Durio kutejensis not been reported. The objectives this were isolate identify compounds bark. Secondary obtained with extraction, fractionation purification process while identificatio...

Three genera and four species of the Apiaceae family : Cuminumcymium ; Foeniculumvulgari Pimpinella affinis Pimpi-nella anisumwere compared chemically by using (GC) Gas chromatography for seven fatty acids ( Heptanoic acid Octanoic Lauric Stearic Lenolinic acid; lenolic ) as a chemotaxonomical marker to determine genetic similarities differences between wiled plant other cultivated , results sh...

The antimicrobial activity of fatty acids, monolaurin, citric, succinic, fumaric, malic and lactic acid was determined in cultures of two strains of Escherichia coli, three strains of Salmonella sp. and two strains of Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrobial activity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that prevented growth and glucose utilization in treated cultures. Caprylic...

The diffusion of H2O2 into the cytoplasm from peroxisomes during high rates of peroxisomal beta oxidation of fatty acids was studied in perfused livers from rats treated with the hepatocarcinogenic peroxisome proliferator, nafenopin. Efflux of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) into the bile was used as a measure of increased H2O2 supply for cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase. Male F-344 rats were giv...

Normal, high stearic acid and high lauric acid canola oil varieties were heated in the presence of air to allow autoxidation to occur. After the reaction, the oils were analyzed using a non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation followed by detection using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Oxidized products were separated and identifi...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops can be severely damaged due to parasitism by the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita, but are protected when intercropped with crown daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.). Root exudate may be the determining factor for this protection. An experiment using pots linked by a tube and Petri dish experiments were undertaken to confirm that tomato-crown da...

TLRs provide critical signals to induce innate immune responses in APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs) that in turn link to adaptive immune responses. Results from our previous studies demonstrated that saturated fatty acids activate TLRs, whereas n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit agonist-induced TLR activation. These results raise a significant question as to whether fatty acids different...