In the analysis below, we consider introducing a second contractor early in the JSF program. Our focus is on what makes sense at the beginning of EMD, which should occur approximately a year after this study. For this study, we have cost data regarding the baseline winnertake-all program from both of the JSF contractors plus the JSF Program Office. The alternative is to introduce competition, f...

The developmental costs and benefits of early locomotor play are a puzzling topic in biology, psychology, and health sciences. Evolutionary theory predicts that energy-intensive behavior such as play can only evolve if there are considerable benefits. Prominent theories propose that locomotor play is (i) low cost, using surplus energy remaining after growth and maintenance, and (ii) beneficial ...

PURPOSE The economic impact associated with the conversion from 10-mL vials of insulin to 3-mL vials and pens at a community hospital was assessed. METHODS Pharmacy purchasing and administrative data from Providence St. Vincent Hospital in Portland, Oregon, were used in this analysis. The hospital converted floor-stock 10-mL vials of insulin in October 2010 to individual patient supply (IPS) ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the intensive care unit costs and determine factors influencing these costs in mechanically ventilated patients randomized to dexmedetomidine or midazolam by continuous infusion. DESIGN Cost minimization analysis of a double-blind, multicenter clinical trial randomizing patients 2:1 to receive dexmedetomidine or midazolam from the institutional perspective. SETTING Sixt...