The trashing versus burning debate has been raging for many years, where trashing is defined as the physical separation of leaf material from the cane ‘stick’ prior to transporting the cane stick to the mill. This paper steers away from the environmental debate and focuses on the economics of trashing versus burning. Trashed cane can generally be supplied quicker than burnt cane, reducing sucro...

salinity problem is continuously increasing in the arid and semi-arid regions of iran. to effectively utilize germplasm resources in breeding, it is necessary to characterize and evaluate genotypes for the desirable traits and as well for salinity tolerance. salinity tolerance of 80 wheat landraces from different parts of iran was studied in two steps. at first, the degree of salnity tolerance ...

Fire suppression has removed an important ecological force previously responsible for shaping many plant communities throughout the world. Upland areas of northcentral Mississippi that have been protected from fire are now closed-canopy forests including species known to be uncommon as bearing/witness trees in upland portions of the landscape (historically off-site species) and sparse ground co...

Particle systems are visualized by rendering some fixed number of particles per frame, where particle information is sampled from emitters represented by a location, and a range of potential initial particle parameters, such as origin, size, etc. For some complicated effects, especially for such effects where there are many potential emitters, where the location of the emitter is not well-defin...

Within the eastern deciduous forest region, forest composition varies, with some areas dominated by a mix of oaks (Quercus spp.) and other areas dominated by a mix of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and other tree species. Prescribed fire is being used on an experimental basis to assess its effectiveness in restoring and maintaining oak-dominated forests. Maple-dominated forests are susceptible to...

statement of the problem burning mouth syndrome (bms) is a condition presented with burning sensation without any pathologic changes of oral mucosa. since there are no accurate diagnostic criteria and because symptoms are so variable the studies have shown different prevalence. limited studies have been performed to estimate prevalence, of bms in iran and worldwide. purpose this research was co...

SWIM, L.W., JR., ELLIOTT, K.J., OTTMAR, R.D., and VIHNANEK , R.E. 1993. Site preparation burning to improve southern Appalachian pine-hardwood stands: fire characteristics and soil erosion, moisture, and temperature. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 2242-2254. Three southern Appalachian stands with sparse and unproductive pine-hardwood overstories and dense Kalmia latifolia L. understories were treated to...

Experimental studies in which tobacco tar has produced malignant tumors on the skin of the mouse seem to imply that a chemical carcinogen is formed by the combustion of tobacco leaf. Among the most important factors affecting the chemical structure of the smoke is the burning temperature. Not only does knowledge of this factor become essential for a study of the possi bility that carcinogenic a...

In the context of climate change, extreme heatwaves are often observed. The consequences these events led to leaf and grape burning, as observed in June 2019 South France. Previous observations showed that genotypic variability exists response heatwaves. One main hypotheses explain differences is genotypes could differentially regulate their temperature. This temperature closely associated with...