Introduction: The World Health Organization has estimated that 15 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are lost annually due to asthma, representing 1% of the total global disease burden. Racemic Salbutamol and Levo Salbutamol both have potent broncho-dilatory effect and therefore, both are used in the treatment of Asthma. The study was conducted to compare bronchodilatory efficacy po...

OBJECTIVE To study serum levo-carnitine (l-carnitine) levels and isometric contraction, force frequency relationship and fatigue of rodent skeletal muscles in type 2 diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Physiology Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from January 2009 to January 2010. METHODOLOGY Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were r...

usually centres on improving dopaminergic func tion in the nigro-striatal pathways. Levo-dopa and selegiline increase the amount of synaptic dopamine available; apomorphine, bromocriptlne and pergolide are agonists at dopamine receptors. Symptoms may also be improved by redressing the balance of dopaminergic and cholinergic activity. Benzhexol, procyclidine and orphenadrine, among others, are a...

OBJECTIVE An intestinal reperfusion study with two aims: a) to assess the usefulness of intestinal capillary blood flow measurement by laser-Doppler for intestinal reperfusion studies; and b) to compare the effects of racemic and levo forms of folinic acid in treating the syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A murine model of intestinal ischemia by completely clamping the superior mesenteric artery ...

Deficiency of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) is treated with oral levothyroxine (LEVO). However, the effectiveness administration highly dependent on co-administration food and other drugs. This factor, in combination chronic nature this condition, mean that there are concerns patient compliance. Development long acting formulations to treat hypothyroidism could potentially solve problem. LE...

Twelve cases of unbearable pruritus several days after withdrawal of (levo)cetirizine were reported to the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Eleven reports concerned women and one report concerned a man, aged 19-58 years. These patients had been using these antihistamines continuously for months or years. They had tried to stop using antihistamines on several occasions but felt unable...

BACKGROUND The altered hemodynamics, and therefore the arterial hypotension is the most prevalent adverse effect after subarachnoid anesthesia. The objective of the study was to determine the exact role of local anesthetic selection underlying spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in the elderly patient. We conducted a descriptive, observational pilot study to assess the hemodynamic impact of s...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether the treatment with levosimendan is more expensive than the usual one with dobutamine, since price of medications does not usually represent the greatest expense in the treatment of cardiac decompensation. METHODS The cost of treatment of 18 inpatients with cardiac decompensation, 9 of which treated with dobutamine (dobuta group) and 9 with levosimendan (levo group)...

BACKGROUND Pain and emesis are the two major complaints after day case surgery. Local anaesthesia has become an important part of optimizing intra and post-operative pain treatment, but is sometimes not entirely sufficient. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of adding an ankle block to a multi-modal analgesic approach on the first 24-hour-need for rescue analgesia in patients ...

UHT, MORANO, KHALAFI & KAELI 2 description of the microarchitecture, a description of the physical layout (a floorplan), and many new simulation results. The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we review major impediments to high IPC realization. Section 3 provides the Levo logical description, and discusses Levo’s solutions to the high IPC problems. Other implementation issues are addr...