High ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism) exists in typical integer codes. Our goal is to create a machine called Levo that will realize this potential ILP in the face of real hardware limitations. Levo is modeled and evaluated at three different levels of abstraction. FastLevo models the potential of Levo via high-level trace-driven simulation embodying key hardware constraints. LevoSim is a de...

BACKGROUND The short-term infusion of levosimendan (Levo) improves hemodynamic function in patients with decompensated heart failure. The metabolites of Levo have a prolonged half-life, and one is hemodynamically active. The goal of this study was to determine whether the hemodynamic effects of Levo are sustained during a long-term infusion and beyond the discontinuation of drug infusion. MET...

The Levo high ILP microarchitecture is described and evaluated. Levo employs instruction time-tags and active stations to ensure correct operation in a rampantly speculative and out-oforder resource flow execution model. The Tomasulo-algorithm-like broadcast buses are segmented; their lengths are constant, that is, do not increase with machine size. This helps to make Levo scalable. Known High-...

We have previously shown that the naturally occurring levo-morphine at a subanalgesic picomolar dose pretreated i.t. induces antianalgesia against levo-morphine-produced antinociception. We now report that the synthetic stereo-enantiomer dextro-morphine, even at an extremely low femtomolar dose, induces antianalgesia against levo-morphine-produced antinociception using the tail-flick (TF) test ...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the cardiotoxicity of a QX-314 analog (QX-OH) and a mixture of QX-OH and levobupivacaine (LL-1) and to compare the ability to resuscitate rats after asystole induced by levobupivacaine (Levo-BUP), QX-314, QX-OH, and LL-1. METHODS First, we used the "up-and-down" method to determine median dose resulting in appearance of cardiotoxicity (CD50C) and ...

This document gives an overview of the microarchitecture of the Levo prototype computer. Both the data and control paths of Levo are described, with the function of all major subsystems given. Levo's operation is outlined. Anticipated absolute dimensions are given, assuming the 32 Processing Element (PE) single-chip version, called Levo-32-chip.

Background: Metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are likely to affect skeletal muscle contractile functions adversely. Levo-carnitine improves muscle contractile functions in healthy humans and rats and corrects metabolic derangements in T2DM. Therefore, it is likely to improve muscle contractile functions in T2DM as well. This study was designed to determine the effect of ...

OBJECTIVE To ascertain if levosimendan postconditioning can alleviate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) in rats. METHOD One hundred rats were divided into five groups: Sham (sham), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), ischemic postconditioning (IPO group), levosimendan postconditioning (Levo group) and combination postconditioning group of levosimendan and 5-Hydroxydecanoic acid (Lev...

The majority of clinically used inotropes act by increasing cytosolic calcium levels, which may hypothetically worsen reperfusion stunning and provoke arrhythmias. We tested the hypothesis that the calcium sensitizer levosimendan (levo) given during ischemia alone or ischemia and reperfusion would improve reperfusion function without promoting arrhythmias. The Langendorff-perfused guinea pig he...

BACKGROUND Metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are likely to affect skeletal muscle contractile functions adversely. Levo-carnitine improves muscle contractile functions in healthy humans and rats and corrects metabolic derangements in T2DM. Therefore, it is likely to improve muscle contractile functions in T2DM as well. This study was designed to determine the effect of l...