We report a novel nanoparticulate drug delivery system that undergoes reversible volume change from 150 to 40 nm upon phototriggering with UV light. The volume change of these monodisperse nanoparticles comprising spiropyran, which undergoes reversible photoisomerization, and PEGylated lipid enables repetitive dosing from a single administration and enhances tissue penetration. The photoswitchi...

The slow development of microalgal biotechnology is due to the failure in the design of large-scale photobioreactors (PBRs) where light energy is efficiently utilized. In this work, both the quality and the amount of light reaching a given point of the PBR were determined and correlated with cell density, light path length, and PBR geometry. This was made for two different geometries of the dow...

Characterization of the photic zone and light penetration depth in cultures with ultrahigh cell densities represents a major issue in mass cultures of phytoautotrophic microorganisms grown in enclosed photobioreactors. In a study of the effect of underwater optical properties on the penetration depth of photosynthetically active radiation, the inherent optical properties of algal suspensions, i...

[1] An important issue in modeling and predicting upper ocean variability is the nature of the interactions between ocean biology, ocean dynamics, and irradiance penetration. Numerous studies using in situ observations and model simulations to investigate the effects of biota on light penetration have demonstrated that this biological-physical feedback may be significant over a wide range of sp...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare in vitro penetration and adaptation of light curing ormocer based fissure sealant and non­filled low viscosity sealant material. Materials and Methods: Extracted human molars (n = 108) were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Admira Seal and Teethmate F­1 were used as sealant materials in the study. Each tooth was sectioned using an Isomet cutter into...

It is shown that disappearance of the light of luminous bacteria may be used as a criterion of cell penetration; that luminous bacteria are cytolyzed by water, hypotonic solutions, and by freely penetrating solutions; that luminous bacteria are not injured by hydrogen or hydroxyl ions in the external solutions within the range of pH values employed with the ammonium salts and that therefore dis...