Abstract We develop a concept of weak identification in linear instrumental variable models which the number instruments can grow at same rate or slower than sample size. propose jackknifed version classical identification-robust Anderson–Rubin (AR) test statistic. Large-sample inference based on AR is valid under heteroscedasticity and identification. The feasible this statistic uses novel var...

Headache is one of the most common medical complaints of humankind that occurs in all age groups and is the seventh leading reason for medical office visits. The most common cause of chronic headache is migraine that affects an estimated 10-15% of the population. However, many drugs are useful for treatment of headache, current conventional medications have many side effects. Therapeutic trials...

credit enhancements are methods that are used in structured finance for promoting the credit quality of financial instruments. one of the most important mechanisms for improving the credit quality is tranching financial instruments. this mechanism is mentioned as a structural and internal credit enhancement. tranching decreases financing costs and improves the quality of financial instruments. ...

Financial markets represent one of the most complex environments for business and there are a lot of types of external factors which impact their dynamics. The recent financial turbulence materialized by the global financial crisis 2008-2009 and the European sovereign debt crisis (2010-2012) made serious pressure on financial markets that proved their fragility and sensitivity in a different ma...

Headache is one of the most common medical complaints of humankind that occurs in all age groups and is the seventh leading reason for medical office visits. The most common cause of chronic headache is migraine that affects an estimated 10-15% of the population. However, many drugs are useful for treatment of headache, current conventional medications have many side effects. Therapeutic trials...

In recent years, people have begun to pay more and more attention to the effect of news on financial instrument markets (i.e., the markets for trading financial instruments). Researchers in the financial domain have conducted many studies demonstrating the effect of different types of news on trade activities in financial instrument markets such as volatility in trade price, trade volume, tradi...

For many, derivatives are often associated with infamous financial events and scandals resulting from highly leveraged and speculative use of derivative financial instruments. The most common use of these instruments is, however, in the often quiet area of risk management rather than the charged atmosphere of high stakes betting. At the most basic level, a derivative is simply a financial instr...