We present the theoretical foundation for an adjustment cost technology that supports the intertemporal production decision making behavior using the directional distance function. Dynamic input efficiency measures are developed that can separate out the impact of variable and dynamic factors inefficiency levels. An approach to implement this theory in a nonparametric fashion is developed and a...

abstract this study was conducted to determine the impacts of different drip irrigation method and amount of water on yield and water use efficiency of tomato in varamin agricultural research center, iran. the study was done during two years. experimental design was randomized complete blocks design (rcbd) in split plot with three replications. three different drip irrigation method; surface dr...

background fish cell lines are advantageous alternatives to mammalian cell lines for carrying out in vitro research. they are used extensively for the study of fish biology, physiology and toxicology, and more recently for germplasm conservation of important fish species. objectives the present study aims to establish and characterize a novel fish cell line from muscle tissue of wallago attu ca...

In this paper, a new hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm is proposed for solving unconstrained optimization problems. This new method can generate sufficient descent directions unrelated to any line search. Moreover, the global convergence of the proposed method is proved under the Wolfe line search. Numerical experiments are also presented to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, espe...

this paper presents the new topology of three phase on line uninterruptible power supply (ups) by employing t-source inverter (tsi) with maximum constant boost pulse width modulation (pwm) control and the results are compared with the conventional uninterruptible power supply (ups). the conventional ups consists of voltage source inverter (vsi) with step up transformer or dc-dc booster which de...