MarA activates two membrane dependent mechanisms of resistance to different antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, including promotion of outflux and inhibition of influx of antibiotics. Thus, MarA causes multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype. The activation of these mechanisms needs overexpression of marA. This could happen through mutation in marR. Thus, the aim of this study...

introduction: cell culture is a process in which the cells ware isolated from original tissue, dispersed in liquid media and then placed in culture plate where the cells adhere together and propagate. today, this method is used for assessment of cell toxicity, its mechanisms and effect of different compounds on intracellular components. methods: clonogenic assay was used for assessment of cell ...

conclusions this study detected multiple drug resistance (mdr) in p. aeruginosa including aminoglycosides. therefore, identification of drug resistance patterns in p. aeruginosa is of great importance in prevention and control of infections in burn patient centers. background the prevalence of resistance to aminoglycosides among p. aeruginosa isolates has increased all around the world. the res...

background : insecticide resistance is one of the serious problems for german cockroach control program. this study was conducted to determine the bendiocarb and carbaryl resistance mechanisms in german cockroaches using the piperonyl butoxide (pbo). methods : bioassay tests were conducted with 4 to 6 different concentrations of both insecticides with four replicates of 10 susceptible strain co...