corrective feedback (cf) and its different types have long absorbed many scholars and practitioners. as ellis (2009) mentioned some experimental studies need to be carefully designed to discover the relative effectiveness of each of these cf techniques. the goal of this qualitative study was to discover whether the employment of different cf strategies could bring about an attitudinal shift. to...

• A framework is developed for studying complementation of feedback sources. Teacher, EFL peer, and native English-speaking peer were compared. Three sources provided high rates non-overlapped points. showed preference different strategies. Student perceptions providers quality mediated uptake. As L2 writers receive diverse in their writing process, it important to understand how these compleme...

Cone photoreceptors and horizontal cells (HCs) have a reciprocal synapse that underlies lateral inhibition and establishes the antagonistic center-surround organization of the visual system. Cones transmit to HCs through an excitatory synapse and HCs feed back to cones through an inhibitory synapse. Here we report that HCs also transmit to cone terminals a positive feedback signal that elevates...

the research was aimed at finding out the effects of the implementation of writing feedback techniques and students’ writing anxiety on students’ writing ablity. experimental method of 3x2 factorial design was employed in the research. there were three experimental groups of students who were taught by using teacher feedback, peer feedback and the combination of peer and teacher feedback writin...

The study described here tested a model of how characteristics of the feedback environment influence the allocation of resources (time and effort) among competing tasks. Results demonstrated that performers invest more resources on tasks for which higher quality (more timely and more specific) feedback is available; this effect was partially mediated by task salience and task expectancies. Feed...