Melasma is a common acquired condition of symmetric hyperpigmentation, typically occurring on the face, with higher prevalence in females and darker skin types. Multiple etiologies, including light exposure, hormonal influences, and family history, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Overall prevalence ranges widely at 1-50%, since values are typically calculated within a...

Copper Bromide Laser vs Triple-Combination Cream for the Treatment ofMelasma: A Randomized Clinical Trial Recent studies have suggested the potential effectiveness of targeting the vascular component of melasma.1-4 The copper bromide laser (Dual Yellow;Norseld) is a laserwith a concomitant-outputdual-wavelength light source comprising90%yellowlightat578nm,whichtargetsvascular lesions,and10% gre...

BACKGROUND Although, melasma is most prevalent among Asian young women, and also darkly pigmented individuals are particularly prone to developing post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, to the best of our knowledge, there are rare or no studies about the association of melasma and Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate how likely is a melasma pa...

Melasma is a common acquired hypermelanosis of the skin that has been associated with several etiologic factors including ultraviolet light exposure, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives (OCPs) (1). Forty-one percent of women surveyed in one study had onset of melasma after pregnancy, and 25% after starting an OCP (2). Women who develop melasma during pregnancy may be more susceptible to developi...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lignin peroxidase (LIP) as a skin-lightening agent in patients with melasma. A self-controlled clinical study was performed in 31 women who had melasma on both sides of the face. This study involved 8 weeks of a full-face product treatment. The skin color was measured at days 0, 7, 28 and 56 using a chromameter on the foreh...

Background: Melasma is a brown or grayish brown symmetrical facial hyperpigmentation.A number of medicamens can be used for the treatment of this condition. For better results in treating melasma, combination therapy is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of azelaic acid 20% plus hydroquinone 5% versus hydroquinone 5% alone in the manageme...

Background and aims: Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation on the face, which generally happens in women between the ages of 30 to 35. If treatment is not performed in a timely manner, many cosmetic problems can arise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of kojic acid and hydroquinone 2% creams for the treatment of melasma. Methods: 100 women with epidermic melasma who were refe...

Exposure to the sun, ultraviolet radiation, and oxidative stress are the chief etiologic factors responsible for melasma. The ingredients of Korean red ginseng powder, which include ginsenoside and phenolic compounds, have antioxidative effects and reduce ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Korean red ginseng powder in patients...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of melasma is not yet fully understood. Previous studies indicate that dermal environment such as fibroblasts may have an important role in the development of melasma. Recently, it has been suggested that interactions between the cutaneous vasculature and melanocytes might have an influence on the development of pigmentation. OBJECTIVES We investigated the vascular...