Metformin is a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Many studies show that metformin inhibits cancer cell viability through the inhibition of mTOR. We recently showed that antiproliferative action of metformin in prostate cancer cell lines is not mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We identified REDD1 (also known as DDIT4 and RTP801), a nega...

BACKGROUND Metformin, an oral biguanide insulin-sensitizing agent, is well known to decrease appetite. Although there is evidence that metformin could affect the brain directly, the exact mechanism is not yet known. METHODS To evaluate whether metformin induces anorexia via the hypothalamus, various concentrations of metformin were injected into the lateral ventricle of rats through a chronic...

AIM The study aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with saxagliptin + metformin vs. saxagliptin or metformin monotherapy in treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and inadequate glycaemic control. METHODS In this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled phase 3 trial, 1306 treatment-naïve patients with T2D >or=18 to <or=77 yea...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy and safety of glyburide/metformin combined tablet compared to glyburide or metformin alone in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this 16-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, 4-arm and parallel clinical trial study, 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and 76 patients were available for statistical analysis at the end of t...

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) in long-term is associated with learning and memory decline. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug with antioxidant and memory-improving effects. Thus, this research study was conducted to assess the effect of metformin on learning and memory in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In the present study, male Wistar rats (n=32) were randomly assign...

BACKGROUND Metformin is a biguanide, belonging to the oral hypoglycemic agents and is a widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Evidence indicate that Metformin inhibits cell proliferation in several human cancers and inhibits the Warburg phenomenon in tumor cells. RESULTS Low PDH levels were observed in OSCC, and Metformin promotes an increase in PDH levels in hypoxic conditions. Me...

Background Metformin reduces the risk of, and mortality from, colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, effect of metformin on stage IV disease is unknown. In present study we reviewed clinical features outcomes mellitus (M1, liver metastases) treated or without metformin.

The mechanism for how metformin activates AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) was investigated in isolated skeletal muscle L6 cells. A widely held notion is that inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is central to the mechanism. We also considered other proposals for metformin action. As metabolic pathway markers, we focused on glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation. We also confirmed m...

AIM To investigate whether patients taking metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have improved glycaemic control without compromising tolerability by adding an agent with a complementary mechanism of action vs. uptitrating metformin. METHODS Adults with T2DM and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7.0 and 10.5% receiving metformin extended release (XR) 1500 mg/day for ≥8 weeks were r...