Uremic toxins are accumulated in the blood of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), although alteration of the toxicity by the interaction of various uremic retention products has not been precisely clarified. In this study, we found that cytochrome c added to incubation mixtures containing guanidino compounds and methylglyoxal in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) resulted in reduction of...

Glucose is the main energy substrate for the brain. There is now extensive evidence indicating that the metabolic profile of neural cells with regard to glucose utilization and glycolysis rate is not homogenous, with a marked propensity for glycolytic glucose processing in astrocytes compared to neurons. Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is inevitably formed as a by-product ...

Methylglyoxal, a reactive dicarbonyl compound, is mainly formed from glycolysis. Methylglyoxal can lead to the dysfunction of mitochondria, the depletion of cellular anti-oxidation enzymes and the formation of advanced glycation ends. Previous studies showed that the accumulation of methylglyoxal and advanced glycation ends can impair the oocyte maturation and reduce the oocyte quality in aged ...

A cup of coffee contains mutagens which produce about 5 X 10(4)-10(5) revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 without S9 mix. One of the mutagens was identified to be methylglyoxal. Methylglyoxal was present in various beverages such as black tea, whisky, and brandy. Methylglyoxal itself induced tumors in rats when administered by subcutaneous injection. However, the mutagenic properties of...

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are known to increase in osteoporosis. Methylglyoxal is AGEs precursor that is toxic to osteoblasts. Methylglyoxal toxicity in osteoblasts involves oxidative stress. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in changes of MC3T3E1 preosteoblast cell line morphology caused by methylglyoxal exposure is still unknown. This study was aimed to investigate...

The physiological a-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal binds and modifies arginine, lysine, and cysteine residues in proteins. The kinetics and mechanism of these reactions were investigated with Na-acetylamino acids and bovine serum albumin at pH 7.4 and 37 “C. The reaction of methylglyoxal with Na-acetylarginine involved the initial reversible formation of glycosylamine and 4,5-dihydroxy5-methylimidaz...

OBJECTIVES To determine the serum levels of methylglyoxal (MG) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in known cases of type-II diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance and to compare them with age-sex matched healthy controls. METHODS Eightysix participants were enrolled for the present case-controlled study with ages ranging from 25 to 44 years. The analytes measured were fasting blood gluco...

Honey has a complex chemistry, and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity varies with floral source, climate, and harvesting conditions. Methylglyoxal was identified as the dominant antibacterial component of manuka honey. Although it has been known that methylglyoxal has antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomyc...

An enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of methylglyoxal to pyruvic acid was partially purified from aqueous extracts of sheep liver acetone powders. NAD+ or NADP+ was necessary for the oxidation. Changes in methylglyoxal, pyruvate, and pyridine nucleotide were stoichiometrically equivalent. Of various carbonyl-containing compounds tested, only oc-keto aldehydes were substrates. Enzyme activity...