Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether monolaurate (DGMEML) was synthesized via the reaction of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DGME) with methyl laurate (ML) by a new solid base catalyst of KF/CaO/AC, which was prepared by impregnation method using active carbon as carrier. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning el...

The symmetrical structure of curcumin includes two 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl substructures. Laccase catalyzed formation of a phenol radical, radical migration and oxygen insertion at the benzylic positions can result in the formation of vanillin. As vanillin itself is a preferred phenolic substrate of laccases, the formation of vanillin oligomers and polymers is inevitable, once vanillin become...

Dialkyl hexane-1,6-dicarbamate was synthesized, for the first time, by a one-pot reaction of 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA), urea, and alcohols, including methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, in a self-designed batch reactor, using zinc-incorporated berlinite (ZnAlPO4) as a catalyst. The yield of dibutyl hexane-1,6-dicarbamate (2) was systematically investigated as a function of Zn/Al molar ratio...

In part A, the effect of varying short-chain alkyl substitution on the spectroscopic properties of cyanine dyes was examined. Molar absorptivities and quantum yields were determined for groups of pentamethine and heptamethine dyes for which the substitution of the indole nitrogen was varied. For both sets of dyes, increasing alkyl chain length did not significantly change quantum yield or molar...

In this study, esterification reaction of different carboxylic acids (Acetic acid, Palmitic acid, Oleic acid) with ethanol was investigated by ZnO, Al2O3-ZnO mixed oxide and phosphotungestic acid (10 %wt) immobilized on the Al2O3-ZnO mixed oxide. The heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, FE-SEM and EDX techniques. Optimum yield was achieved by using 10% HPW/Al2O3-ZnO as the be...

In this study, transesterification of refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein was carried out with methanol, ethanol and their mixtures at various methanol/ethanol ratios, while maintaining the molar ratio of oil to alcohol at 1:6. Potassium hydroxide was used as the catalyst. The process variables were temperature, methanol/ethanol molar ratio and amount of catalyst. The optimum biod...

The FK506 (tacrolimus)-binding protein (FKBP) type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) in the hyperthermophilic archaeum Thermococcus sp. KS-1 was shown to be induced by temperature downshift to growth temperatures lower than the optimum. This PPIase (TcFKBP18) showed chaperone-like protein refolding activity in addition to PPIase activity in vitro. It refolded unfolded citrate synthas...

In order to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil and optimize its yield, a two-stage process of esterification/ transesterification has been used in this study. First, we used the acidic catalysts H2SO4 in order to diminish the content of free fatty acid (FFA) in oil that caused reducing the oil acidity from 6.1% to 0.57% through esterification. Then, the biodiesel was produced by transeste...

Sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) was synthesized chemically. An HPLC-ELSD method to separate SQ and other chromophore-free sulfonates, e.g. 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHPS), was developed. A set of 10 genome-sequenced, sulfonate-utilizing bacteria did not utilize SQ, but an isolate, Pseudomonas putida SQ1, from an enrichment culture did so. The molar growth yield with SQ was h...