Monotonic and dual monotonic language learning from positive as well as from positive and negative examples is investigated. Three di erent notions of monotonicity are considered. Each of them re ects an alternative formalization of the requirement that the learner has to produce better and better generalizations when fed more and more data on the concept to be learned. Strong{monotonicity abso...

In this paper, the water level fluctuations of eight Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes were analyzed for their hydrological stability in terms of water level dynamics and their controlling factors. Long-term water balances and morphological nature of the lakes were used as bases for the analyses. Pettit’s homogeneity test and Mann–Kendall trend analysis were applied to test temporal variations of the...

We analyze Lagrange Multiplier (LM) tests for a shift in mean of a univariate time series at an unknown date. We consider a class of LM statistics based on nonparametric kernel estimates of the long run variance and we develop a …xed-b asymptotic theory for the statistics. We provide results for the case of I(0) and I(1) errors. The …xed-b theory suggests that, for a given statistic, kernel, an...