In single utterance understanding, which does not include discourse understanding, the concept error rate (CER), or the keyword error rate, has been widely used as an evaluation measure for utterance understanding. However, the CER cannot be used for evaluating systems that understand user utterances based on previous user utterances. In this paper, we propose a method for evaluating incrementa...

The present study aimed to review the instruction of the L2 speech acts in English pragmatics in the Iranian context during the last two decades from 2000 to 2020. To this end, upon the completion of the study search, the retrieved articles were selected and analyzed based on the research domain.  The results of our synthesis from 54 studies carried out on the instruction of the speech act not ...

the present study aimed to identify strategies used to realize the speech act of offerin persian. to do so, 195 male and female native persian speakers were selected fromdiverse age ranges, educational backgrounds, and social classes, and were assigned a36-item discourse completion task (dct) to elicit the speech act of offer. thirtyfield workers also recorded naturally occurring interactions c...

l2 learners’ individual differences are crucial factors that deserve attention in l2 education. focusing on 2 main areas of individual differences (i.e., field (in)dependence and multiple intelligences), this study explored their relationships with l2 reading performance. participants were 64 tefl undergraduates and postgraduates. to assess the participats’ degree of field (in)dependence and mu...

this study examines the efficiency of pedagogical intervention in raising l2 pragmatic awareness of the iranian efl learners. more specifically, it seeks to investigate the difference between explicit and implicit instructions in improving pragmatic appropriateness of the english refusals by adult persian native speakers in an efl classroom context. fifty-four participants, with approximately t...

this study was an attempt to investigate iranian and spanish intermediate nonnative english learners’ request strategies to their faculty. to this aim, 74 (50 iranian and 24 spanish) nonnative english intermediate learners participated in this study. a discourse completion test (dct) was used to elicit the request strategies used by the participants. the findings suggested the participants empl...

We contrast two views of how contextual influence on sentence meaning composition can be explained. The Semantic Similarity View maintains that discourse context affects sentence meaning mainly because of the semantic similarity between the words in the discourse context and the words in the sentence (as measured by Latent Semantic Analysis). The Free Pragmatic View, in contrast, defends the cl...

Discourse prosody in school-aged children’s narratives was investigated to test for developmental changes in transitional prosody and to characterize the acquisition of key contrastive features for marking continuation versus completion. Spontaneous narratives were obtained from 42 children (5 to 7 years old) and 14 adult caregivers. The narratives were prosodically transcribed using a formal a...