The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of the aqueous extract of neem leaves, a product extensively used in fish-farms as alternative for the control of fish parasites and fish fry predators, for the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. The 24 h LC(50) of neem leaf extract for juveniles P. lineatus was estimated as 4.8 g L(-1); the fish were then exposed for 24 h to 2.5, 5.0 and ...

Wireworms are the soil inhabiting larvae of click beetles and can cause severe damage to arable crops such as potatoes (Solanum tuberosum, L.). Several strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) are pathogenic to wireworms. In this study, three European strains of M. brunneum were tested in the laboratory against the most damaging wireworm species in Europe, Agriotes li...

149 specimens of Prochilodus lineatus were collected on the upper Paran6 River floodplain. Of these, 121 (82.1%) were parasitized. 33 species of metazoan parasites were recorded. Rhinonastes pseudocapsaloideum was classified as secondary, while all other species were classified as satellites. Ergasilus sp. and Tereancistrum curimba were positively associated and their abundances were positively...

White croaker (Genyonemus lineatus family: Sciaenidae) are a schooling, benthic foraging fish historically associated with soft sediment and wastewater outfalls in southern California. While they are often used as an indicator species due to their high organochlorine contaminant loads, little is known of their movements in relation to contaminated habitats. A Vemco Positioning System acoustic t...

Plants respond to insect oviposition by emission of oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs) which can recruit egg parasitoids of the attacking herbivore. To date, studies demonstrating egg parasitoid attraction to OIPVs have been carried out in tritrophic systems consisting of one species each of plant, herbivore host, and the associated egg parasitoid. Less attention has been given to plan...

Determining quality of food ingested and digestibility can be helpful in understanding the mechanisms that determine trophic plasticity, which is the ability of a given species to use a more advantageous food source at a given time. In this study, the chemical composition and digestibility of food ingested by various trophic fish groups at different sites of the Upper River Paraná floodplain ar...

in this study prevalence of parasites in 118 samples (62 foxes and 56 jackals) was investigated in ilam province of iran, in 2010-2013, situated in the western part of the national capital of iran. the nematodes which were cleared in lactophenol, cestodes and acanthocephalans were stained using acetocarmine and haematoxylen, respectively for identification of the parasite species. cryptosporidi...

The tetrapod ichnotaxon Apatopus lineatus is a relatively uncommon component of Late Triassic footprint assemblages. This might be related to the semi-aquatic lifestyle of the trackmakers, which were almost certainly phytosaurs and whose skeletons are known from coeval deposits with a Pangea-wide distribution. Originally described from the Passaic Formation of New Jersey, Apatopus lineatus has ...