Available online 8 December 2010

This review considers conceptual issues underlying empirical work on markets. It is divided in three parts. The first part reviews the analysis of demand and equilibrium retail markets then recent advances that require different assumptions: where adverse selection moral hazard may be important, vertical with bargaining, wherein a centralized allocation mechanism replaces prices. second cost pr...

ensuring the security in civil aviation - as a primary factor in economical and industrial development - is the major concern of international community. pursuant to the serious challenges in this sector after terrorist events of 11 september 2001 in the united states, international civil aviation organization (icao) as the most important organization relating to the international civil aviatio...

Previous studies on international marketing have typically asked the question: “how is the demand characterized across countries?” Such analysis is then used to provide guidelines for firms to enter new markets and/or to allocate marketing resources across countries. In order to provide such normative guidelines however, one also needs to analyze the supply-side of the problem, i.e. ask: “what ...

Process studies and improvement efforts typically call for new instrumentation on the process in order to collect the data they have deemed necessary. This can be intrusive and expensive, and resistance to the extra workload often foils the study before it begins. The result is neither interesting new knowledge nor an improved process. In many organizations, however, extensive historical proces...