In this study, we have analyzed Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations of fields plasma signatures associated with an encounter fully developed Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) vortices at the northern polar terminator along Mars' induced magnetosphere boundary. The K–H event are: (a) quasi-periodic, “bipolar-like” sawtooth magnetic field perturbations, (b) corresponding density decr...

Superfluidity is a special state of matter exhibiting macroscopic quantum phenomena and acting like a fluid with zero viscosity. In such a state, superfluid vortices exist as phase singularities of the model equation with unique distributions. This paper presents novel techniques to aid the visual understanding of superfluid vortices based on the state-of-the-art non-linear Klein-Gordon equatio...

In this paper, based on Kelvin and Linear Standard Solid models, dynamic response and the buckling load of a viscoelastic beam under  lateral and axial loads have been determined. The governing equations have been extracted using Euler  and Timoshenko theories and their analytical solutions have been obtained by using the eigenfunctions expansion method. Buckling load have been calculated by us...

The onset of monami – the synchronous waving of seagrass beds driven by a steady flow – is modelled as a linear instability of the flow. Unlike previous works, our model considers the drag exerted by the grass in establishing the steady flow profile, and in damping out perturbations to it. We find two distinct modes of instability, which we label modes 1 and 2. Mode 1 is closely related to Kelv...

The ship Kelvin-wake models on two-dimensional (2-D) linear and nonlinear sea surfaces are combined with the second-order small-slope approximation method (SSA-II) to comparatively study the corresponding electromagnetic (EM) scattering characteristics. The nonlinear sea-surface models include the Choppy Wave Model (CWM) and the second-order Creamer model (Creamer (2)). Considering the limitati...

this paper introduces discretionary imprecise data in data envelopment analysis (dea) and discusses the efficiency evaluation of decision making units (dmus) with non-discretionary imprecise data. then, suggests a method for evaluation the efficiency of dmus with non-discretionary imprecise data. when some inputs and outputs are imprecise and non-discretionary, the dea model becomes non-linear ...

Wall displacements and ground pressure acting on the lining of a tunnel increase with time. These time-dependent deformations are both due to face advance effect and to the time-dependent behavior of the rock mass.  Viscoelastic materials exhibit both viscous and elastic behaviors. Thorough this study, the effect of different linear viscoelastic models including Maxwell, Kelvin and Kelvin-Voigt...

The equatorial atmospheric variability shows a spectrum of significant peaks in the wavenumber– frequency domain. These peaks have been identified with the equatorially trapped wave modes of rotating shallow water wave theory. This paper addresses the observation that the various wave types (e.g., Kelvin, Rossby, etc.) and wavenumbers show differing signal strength relative to a red background....

the rational expectations permanent income hypothesis implies that consumption follows a martingale. however, most empirical tests have rejected the hypothesis. those empirical tests are based on linear models. if the data generating process is non-linear, conventional tests may not assess some of the randomness properly. as a result, inference based on conventional tests of linear models can b...