Causality analysis is an important problem lying at the heart of science, and particular importance in data science machine learning. An endeavor during past 16 years viewing causality as a real physical notion so to formulate it from first principles, however, seems have gone unnoticed. This study introduces community this line work, with long-due generalization information flow-based bivariat...

background: routine repeat testing of critical laboratory values is very common these days to increase their accuracy and to avoid reporting false or infeasible results. we figure that repeat testing of critical laboratory values has any benefits or not.   methods : we examined 2233 repeated critical laboratory values in 13 different hematology and chemistry tests including: hemoglobin, white b...

CM. Comparison of plasma prothrombin and factor VII and urine prothrombin F1 concentrations in patients on long-term warfarin therapy and those in the initial phase. Am J Hematol 1998;57:193–9. 5. Johnston M, Harrison L, Moffat K, Willan A, Hirsh J. Reliability of the international normalized ratio for monitoring the induction phase of warfarin: comparison with the prothrombin time ratio. J Lab...

A survey of physicians demonstrated that half had knowledge of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) but none used the value for monitoring their patients because it was not available from the Coagulation Laboratory. The Laboratory then provided the INR value at a physician's request. A six month review of prothrombin time (PT) results showed that only the physicians from the Cardiology Clin...