positivism is an empirical approach for understanding of human communication and phenomena, which raised firstly french famous thinker “august comte”. human and social sciences were under domination of positive thought for a long time. in criminal law inter alia italian famous thinkers sought to analyses the crime problem with a positive approach. however, some of their point of view such as bo...

One consequence of the professionalization of philosophy is its ever increasing specialization. Within the normative domain, what has come to be known as metaethical inquiry is increasingly conducted independently of substantive ethical reflection. Even if this trend is intelligible given the economic and institutional pressures that spawned it, it is reasonable to wonder if insights are lost a...

Since no organization can have unlimited resources, strategists should decide on a strategy that can provide the greatest benefits to the organization. Decisions on strategy formulation commit the organization to produce specific products, work in specific markets, and exploit certain resources and technologies for a relatively long time. Strategies dictate the long-term competitive advantages ...

Notwithstanding their diversity, all living systems must share a common organization which we implicitly recognize by calling them “livi$. At present there ir no formulation of this organization, mainly because the great developments of molecular, genetic and evolutionary notions in contemporary biology have led to the overemphasis of isolated components, e.g. to consider reproduction as a nece...

in this article, it is argued that members states do not normally incur liability for damages caused by the acts of international organizations of which they are members. member state liability can only be found in icases in which some intervening state conduct in functions of organization can be established, as is laid down ini part 5 of the draft articles on the responsibility of internationa...

In several post-colonial countries, nation building has been regarded as one of the most important tasks since World War II. Globally, all aim to achieve unity and harmony among ethnic groups. This effort is not an easy task because of the characteristics of a third world country itself is colored by ethnic diversity. In some countries, the government's efforts to unite the nation face failure ...