Environmental releases of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds may occur at nuclear power plants during normal operation, after nuclear power plant accidents, and as a consequence of nuclear weapons testing. For example, the Chernobyl fallout contained extensive amounts of pulverized nuclear fuel composed of uranium and its nonvolatile fission products. The effects of these highly radioactive parti...

The safe and effective management of radioactive waste has been given utmost importance from the very inception of nuclear industry in India and it covers the entire range of activities from handling, treatment, conditioning, transport, storage and finally disposal. Radioactive waste is generated at various stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, which includes the mining and milling of uranium ore, ...

In 2004, as many as 444 nuclear energy reactors were operated in 31 countries worldwide. Most of them burn classical nuclear fuels, thus either uranium dioxide UO2 containing natural uranium, uranium enriched by U-235 or, less often, the so-called MOX (Mixed Oxide) fuel, which is a mixture of UO2 and PuO2 . The use of nuclear fuels and introduction of their novel types requires detailed knowled...

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been widely used in pressure drop/hydraulic loss calculations in many industries, including the aerospace and turbo-machinery industry as well as in the nuclear power industry. During the past 30 years, a significant amount of time and effort have been spent in benchmarking the CFD tools and models against test data in aerospace and turbo-machinery industr...

There are 103 commercial nuclear power stations currently operating in the United States, generating a total of about 2 000 t of spent fuel each year. Over 40 000 t of spent fuel have accumulated since these plants began operation, with the fuel being stored first in at-reactor spent fuel storage pools and later in independent spent fuel storage installations and dry cask storage facilities. Th...