Objective(s): Chronic hyperglycemia leads to activation of the advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor (RAGE) for AGE axis and oxidative stress, which promote diabetic renal damage. This study examines the effect of insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles on the kidney tissue of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups...

Purines protected at N-9 by p-methoxybenzyl are methylated or ethylated in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at N-7 by trimethyl- or triethyl-oxonium borofluorate, respectively. Subjecting the resulting cationic species to microwave irradiation releases an N(7)-methyl- or ethyl-purine. This one-pot procedure is an efficient regiospecific method applicable to diverse substrates.

Using the DNA duplex containing an AP site (5'-TCC AGX GCA AC-3'/3'-AGG TCN CGT TG-5', X = AP site, N = A, T, C, or G), we have found that 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine (pterin) selectively binds to guanine (G), and that the enhanced binding affinity for G is obtained by its methylated derivative 2-amino-6,7-dimethyl-4-hydroxypteridine (diMe pteridine). Similarly, among the cytosine (C)-selective ...

A mild and highly efficient stereoselective reaction of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-Dglucal with a variety of nucleophiles, viz. alcohols, phenols, thiols, thiophenols, and allyl trimethyl silane (TMS), in the presence of 5 mol% of lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate under solvent-free conditions yielded the corresponding 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides (pseudoglycals) in excellent yields.

In the past decade, many strategies have been developed to enhance oral drug delivery. Different techniques were investigated, amongst those the use of permeation enhancers such surfactants and biodegradable polymers were studied more extensively. Chitosan derivatives have been studied as permeation enhancer in free soluble form and as nanoparticulate systems. The aim of the current work wa...

The title compound, [Co(C(8)H(4)O(4))(C(13)H(14)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), was obtained by the reaction of CoCl(2), 4,4'-trimethyl-enedipyridine and terephthalic acid in a 1:1:1 ratio. The octa-hedrally coordinated cobalt ions are bridged by 4,4'-trimethyl-enedipyridine ligands, generating a chain. These chains are further linked by O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, giving a three-dimensional network.

The species of Asteraceae have been found to be a rich source of externally accumulated flavonoid aglycones. This type of compounds attracts the attention, besides for their importance as chemotaxonomic markers, also for their ecological role. In the present study, two local endemic species, Centaurea davidovii and C. parilica, and one widespread species from the same group, C. stenolepis, are ...

Photopolymers are interesting materials for use in recording information in holography. We study the holographic behavior and stability of volume holograms recorded in poly(vinyl alcohol)--acrylamide photopolymers with and without a cross linker. Using a first-harmonic diffusion model, we analyze the residual monomer that remains when volume diffraction gratings are recorded in photopolymer mat...

Abstract Background The distribution of drugs could not be controlled in the conventional delivery systems. This has led to developing a specific nanoparticle-based system, called smart drug In cancer therapy, innovative biocompatible nanocarriers have received much attention for various ranges anti-cancer drugs. this work, effect an interesting and novel copolymer named "dimethyl acrylamide-tr...