In this paper a geometric approach is suggested to ®nd the closest approximation to Euclidean metric based on geometric measures of the digital circles in 2D and the digital spheres in 3D for the generalized octagonal distances. First we show that the vertices of the digital circles (spheres) for octagonal distances can be suitably approximated as a function of the number of neighborhood types ...

In the present paper, we analyze the vague reliability of k-out-of-n : G system (particularly, series and parallel system) with independent and non-identically distributed components, where the reliability of the components are unknown. The reliability of each component has been estimated using statistical confidence interval approach. Then we converted these statistical confidence interval int...

Symmetric spiral inductors are used for differential circuit applications for their robustness and superior noise rejection properties. In this work, characteristics of quality factor and inductance of symmetric inductors having octagonal structures, and the methods to improve performance have been suggested using the Agilent Momentum simulator [1]. From the results, we get differential quality...

Theories of vagueness based upon fuzzy set theory countenance a continuum of degrees of truth, usually represented by the real numbers between 0 and 1 inclusive (with 0 representing falsity simpliciter and 1 representing truth simpliciter). Keefe (1998) argues against such theories of vagueness. 1 Keefe writes: Take the vague predicate 'tall': I claim that any numbers assigned in an attempt to ...

In this paper we prove that the transitive closure of a nondeterministic octagonal relation using integer counters can be expressed in Presburger arithmetic. The direct consequence of this fact is that the reachability problem is decidable for flat counter automata with octagonal transition relations. This result improves the previous results of Comon and Jurski [7] and Bozga, Iosif and Lakhnec...

Many knowledge-based systems need to represent vague concepts. Although the practical approach of representing vague concepts as precise intervals over numbers is well-accepted in AI, there is no systematic method to delimit the boundaries of intervals, only ad hoc methods. We present a framework to reason precisely with vague concepts based on the observation that the vague concepts and their ...

In this paper, various elementary properties of vague rings are obtained. Furthermore, the concepts of vague subring, vague ideal, vague prime ideal and vague maximal ideal are introduced, and the validity of some relevant classical results in these settings are investigated.