it is of utmost importance to make children interested in and willing to use dental services in order to prevent and treat oral diseases. therefore, pediatric dental practitioners need to learn new technologies such as lasers, in addition to basic principles. lasers have opened new horizons in the treatment of both soft and hard oral tissue problems in children. the present article describes ap...

one common negative side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of incipient caries lesions around brackets, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene. different methods have been used to prevent demineralization such as fluoride therapy and application of sealant to prevent caries. the recent effort to improve the resistance against the demineralization ...