The challenge hypothesis (Wingfield et al. 1990, American Naturalist, 136, 829–846) predicts varying androgen responses to mating, breeding or territorial behaviour in avian males. At the interspecific level, the highest androgen responsiveness has been observed in males from monogamous species with paternal incubation, and the lowest in males from promiscuous, nonpaternal species. Studies of a...

Paternal age at conception has been found to predict the number of new genetic mutations. We examined the effect of father's age at birth on offspring intelligence, head circumference and personality traits. Using the Minnesota Twin Family Study sample we tested paternal age effects while controlling for parents' trait levels measured with the same precision as offspring's. From evolutionary ge...

Background Most existing research on the association of parental education with childhood undernutrition focuses on maternal education and often ignores paternal education. We systematically investigate differences in maternal and paternal education and their association with childhood undernutrition. Methods One hundred and eighty Demographic and Health Surveys from 62 countries performed be...

Both maternal and paternal disease history can be important predictors of the risk of common conditions such as heart disease or cancer because of shared environmental and genetic risk factors. Sometimes maternal and paternal history can have remarkably different effects on offspring's status. The results are often affected by how the maternal and paternal disease histories are quantified. We p...

One possible mechanism for the familial transmission of depression is through its negative effects on parenting and the parent-child relationship. Although previous research indicates that depression is associated with parenting impairment for mothers, no quantitative synthesis of the empirical literature on the effects of paternal depression on fathers' parenting has been conducted. The presen...

BACKGROUND The ooplasm plays a central role in forming the paternal pronucleus, and subsequently in regulating the expression of paternally inherited chromosomes. Previous studies in mice have revealed genetic differences in paternal genome processing by ooplasm of different genotypes. Ooplasm donation coupled to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been used in human assisted reproducti...

Paternal age at conception has been found to predict the number of new genetic mutations. We examined the effect of father’s age at birth on offspring intelligence, head circumference and personality traits. Using the Minnesota Twin Family Study sample we tested paternal age effects while controlling for parents’ trait levels measured with the same precision as offspring’s. From evolutionary ge...

the present research was conducted under laboratory and field condition to determine seed priming effects on maize inbred line's germination, emergence, and grain yield. seeds of two maize inbred lines include of mo17 (as paternal line) and b73 (as maternal line with cytoplasmic sterility) in the laboratory conditions were subjected to hydropriming for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h, or osmoticprimin...