BACKGROUND Chronic and refractory cancer pain are significant issues and can increase patient suffering and compromise quality of life. A variety of evidence-based pharmacologic strategies can be used routinely to control cancer pain. 
. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the pharmacologic evidence in the management of chronic and refractory cancer pain....

Pain is a prevalent symptom affecting as many as 50% of community-dwelling older adults. Pain affects quality of life, functional status, cognition, mood, sleep, and well-being. A multimodal approach to pain management consists of both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions. Prescribing analgesics is safe and effective in older persons if done judiciously by starting low and titratin...

background: humans have been involved with the phenomena of pain and pain relief from the ancient times. back pain is the most common pain. in fact, eight out of ten people experience it in their lifetime. however, individuals with specific jobs, including nurses, are faced with this problem more. nursing is in the top ten careers suffering from the most severe musculoskeletal injuries. there a...

introduction failed back surgery syndrome (fbss) is an increasing cause of chronic pain in most countries. this poses high costs to both patients and national health organizations. case presentation in this report, multimodal pain management based on daily high-dose oxycodone/naloxone (oxn 180/90 mg) led to reduced patient's pain score and improved quality of life. conclusions oxycodone/naloxon...