In this issue of IOVS, Ambati and Cahoon 1 provide thoughtful suggestions for increasing the number and success of medical doctors (MDs) who run active research programs. My own observations over the past 2 decades concur with those of Ambati and Cahoon: our current Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) has failed to provide sufficient numbers of physician/scientists to assure that importan...

The changing demands on the health sectors in low- and middle-income countries especially sub-Saharan African countries continue to challenge efforts to address critical shortages of the health workforce. Addressing these challenges have led to the evolution of “non-physician clinicians” (NPCs), that assume some physician roles and thus mitigate the continuing shortage of doctors in these count...