This article explores the central antagonisms at work within Alī nāma of Rabīʿ, a fifth/eleventh-century Persian epic by Twelver Shīʿī poet narrating deeds ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, in particular battles Camel and Ṣiffīn. It gives an analysis this poem its twin contexts imamology poetry, illustrating how these fields are variously drawn upon, combined challenged poem’s unique narrative imam, arguing t...

In this article, human thoughts and the idea of sympathy with in Zoroaster’s Gathas have been presented which forms a fundamental part theory humanism. Quotes Zoroaster taken from after analysis; their humanistic thinking has clarified. The research introduction to Gathas, what humanism is, also contains information about Zoroaster. material books clearly explained elaborated. purpose article i...

marriage among siblings has remained a controversial subject in the study of ancient iranian customs and rites, especially in regard to zoroastrianism. there have been endless debates on the existence of such a custom in ancient iran. what have largely remained unnoticed in such a study are the religious beliefs of the ancient iranians in the primitive forms of totemism. totemism is an ancient ...