The objective of this study is to find the temperature distribution of a slab as it moves through the pusher-type preheat furnaces. First, the imaginary planes method (IPM) as a new and applicable method for calculation of radiation heat transfer in industrial furnaces is studied, and the two-dimensional form of this method is used to calculate heat flux and temperature distribution in the furn...

.......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii List of Figures ....................................................................................................

Background Essential strategies are needed to help reduce the number of post-operative complications and associated costs for breast cancer patients undergoing reconstructive breast surgery. Evidence suggests that local heat preconditioning could help improve the provision of this procedure by reducing skin necrosis. Before testing the effectiveness of heat preconditioning in a definitive rando...

On the National Ignition Facility (NIF), hot electrons generated in laser heated Hohlraums are inferred from the >20 keV bremsstrahlung emission measured with the time integrated FFLEX broadband spectrometer. New high energy (>200 keV) time resolved channels were added to infer the generated >170 keV hot electrons that can cause ignition capsule preheat. First hot electron measurements in near ...

LLE Review, Volume 135 173 Introduction Fast-electron generation in laser–plasma interactions has long been of interest for a variety of reasons, such as avoiding preheat during compression in inertial confinement fusion (ICF), heating the compressed core of an ICF target for fast ignition,1 generating a shock in an ICF target for shock ignition,2 and as a means to produce energetic secondary p...

From fundamental principles, the interaction of directed energetic electrons with hydrogenic and arbitrary-Z plasmas is analytically modeled. The effects of stopping, straggling, and beam blooming, a consequence of scattering and energy loss, are rigorously treated from a unified approach. Enhanced energy deposition occurs in the latter portion of the penetration and is inextricably linked to s...

LLE Review, Volume 126 66 Introduction High-energy electrons are detrimental to laser fusion because they can preheat the fuel, preventing the high compression necessary for central hot-spot ignition and high gain.1 The direct-drive approach is particularly vulnerable as a result of the long scale length of plasma that exists at the quarter-critical density of the target, although it can also o...

Our experimental group develops methods to detect high-energy electrons produced by laserplasma instabilities. These electrons, which range up to hundreds of keV , prove a major challenge for inertial confinement fusion (such as at NIF). They can preheat fuel, resulting in more energy being required to compress fuel to the point of ignition. We concentrated a laser (to an intensity of 10 ∼ 10W/...