The argument for the privatization of state enterprises is based on the superior efficiency of private over state ownership. This argument is only true when it ignores the institutional constraints including insecure property rights enforcement, land, credit, and export-quota policies. By using a survey of ninety-six textile-garment enterprises in Vietnam, private and foreign enterprises were f...

Large carnivores are decreasing in number due to growing pressure from an expanding human population. It is increasingly recognised that state-protected conservation areas are unlikely to be sufficient to protect viable populations of large carnivores, and that private land will be central to conservation efforts. In 2000, a fast-track land reform programme (FTLRP) was initiated in Zimbabwe, os...

This paper discusses the deterioration of indigenous irrigation system traditionally developed in the past to serve the peri-urban agricultural lands that have been affected by rapid urbanization in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The study is based on data collection from mapping, field survey and interview analyses and identifies current canal deteriorating conditions in four categories: fil...

Land acquisition along the stream for angler access, streambank protection and habitat improvement began in the early 1960s. In 1985, a master plan for the stream was approved and these lands were consolidated into the Duncan Creek Fishery Area. The fishery area covers Duncan Creek from its headwaters downstream to 190 Avenue, immediately above Lake Como. Approximately 7.8 miles of the stream t...

IHDP Update 2.2008 Fundamental, policy-driven changes are transforming China's rangelands in response to a perceived threat of environmental degradation. Having transferred livestock property from state to private ownership over the past two decades, government policy is now encouraging pastoralists to privatise parts of the natural resource, in the form of fenced enclosures. In other areas, th...

There are two either explicitly or implicitly and widely accepted ideas about the distribution of land in Ethiopia after the reform of 1975. First, land distribution in rural Ethiopia is highly equitable, for example compared to other African countries where private ownership exists. Second, the land distribution pattern currently observed is basically explained by what happened after the refor...

To reduce global biodiversity loss, there is an urgent need to determine the most efficient allocation of conservation resources. Recently, there has been a growing trend for many governments to supplement public ownership and management of reserves with incentive programs for conservation on private land. At the same time, policies to promote conservation on private land are rarely evaluated i...

clarification of the legal and religious status of property ownership rights and paving the way for elimination of defects and completing existing rules and therefore, expanding economic security as well as determining and explaining the limits of expropriation by religious legitimate government and religious statement of permission of such an action from the islamic state and clearing objectiv...