Evolution of new enzymatic activities is believed to require a period of gene sharing in which a single enzyme must serve both its original function and a new function that has become advantageous to the organism. Subsequent gene duplication allows one copy to maintain the original function, while the other diverges to optimize the new function. The physiological impact of gene sharing and the ...

A high concentration of glucose in the medium could greatly inhibit the expression of cellulase in filamentous fungi. The aspartic protease from fungus Hypocrea orientalis EU7-22 could efficiently express under both induction condition and glucose repression condition. Based on the sequence of structure gene of aspartic protease, the upstream sequence harboring the putative promoter proA for dr...

conclusion: the outcome of this study show that spa and coa typing are suitable meth­ods for mrsa isolates typing because it is easy to use and interpret them, and that these methods can be useful in infection source detection and its control especially in epidemic situations. result: pcr results showed seven different patterns for staff and five different patterns for patients based on spa gen...

We have developed a method for measuring the local concentration of ATP at the extracellular surface of live cells. This method relies on the specific attachment to the cell surface of a chimeric protein that consists of the IgG-binding domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A fused in-frame with the complete sequence for firefly luciferase (proA-luc). Expression of proA-luc in Escherichia col...

Insertion element IS121 was mapped between proA and a previously mapped IS5A element in two F-prime plasmids. Results of hybridizations of IS121 to chromosomal DNA from four other strains suggest that IS121 is normally present at this position in the chromosomes of Escherichia coli K-12 strains.

Purification of proteins on a large scale is a complex multistep process, and alternative economic strategies are required. This study presents a novel approach (Affinity Sinking, AS) for purification of native proteins utilizing nonimmobilized modified ligands. The nonimmobilized state of the ligand circumvents the need for immobilizing ligands to polymeric supports. Therefore, purification fr...

In this study, we analyzed 7 virulence genes in 55 Legionella species (including 29 L. pneumophila and 26 non-L. pneumophila strains) which isolated from environmental water sources of the public facilities in Macau by using PCR and real-time PCR. In addition, 29 Legionella pneumophila isolates were subjected to genotyping by sequence-based typing scheme and compared with the data reported. The...

To determine the extent to which eukaryotic replication origins are developmentally regulated in transcriptionally competent cells, we compared origin use in untreated growing amoebae and plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. At loci that contain genes transcribed in both developmental stages, such as the ribosomal RNA genes and two unlinked actin genes, we show that there is a similar replicatio...

The sites of insertion of the transposable kanamycin-neomycin resistance-determining element, Tn5, in the E. coli K-12 chromosome were assessed in a collection of over 300 auxotrophs. Although mutations in at least 45 different cistrons were obtained, the distribution of insertion sites was not completely random: proA or proB; cysG; and cysH, cysD or cysC mutants were found in excess.

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