In this paper we propose a financial trading system whose strategy is developed by means of an artificial neural network approach based on a recurrent reinforcement learning algorithm. In general terms, this kind of approach consists in specifying a trading policy based on some predetermined investor’s measure of profitability, and in setting the financial trading system while using it. In part...

The profitability index plays an important role in helping decision-makers, whether they are short-term decisions or long-term decisions, the is used various ways to assist decision-makers related to: - By using scarce economic resources and developing optimum production plan. Determining lines products that continue work those discontinued based on their profitability. Pricing of products. Gra...

The present study is intended to examine the effect of accounting conservatism on firms’ non-profitability in Tehran Stock Exchange in 48 unprofitable firms and 57 profitable firms over a period of seven years from 2001 to 2007. This study was conducted according to Givoly and Hayn model to measure accounting conservatism index in non-profitable and profitable) firms. Data analysis performed wi...

Nowadays the extent of productivity of Decision Making Units (DMUs) in future has a significant importance. One of the different types of calculating profitability of units is Malmq uist productivity index. All approaches presented so far calculate this index in present or past time using deterministic data. In this paper, a new approach based on DEA is presented for estimating Malmquist index ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the responses to financial incentives after a change in the payment system in a capitation-style healthcare payment system over a 5-year period. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal examination of cost, utilization, and diagnostic data. METHODS Using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative data on healthcare users between fiscal years 1998 and 2002, ...

National university hospitals are not different from private hospitals as the public role played by the former is not clearly defined in Korea. They have to compete with other general hospitals in the same region [1]. The introduction of the nationwide Korea Express Train has increased accessibility to medical institutions in the metropolitan area since 2003. This has resulted in an increased n...

In this paper we use micro data on both trade and production for a sample of large Chinese manufacturing firms in the footwear industry from 2002-2006 to estimate an empirical model of export demand, pricing, and market participation by destination market. We use the model to construct indexes of firm-level demand, cost, and export market profitability. The empirical results indicate substantia...