Memory consolidation is the process by which newly learned information is stabilized into long-term memory (LTM). Considerable evidence indicates that retrieval of a consolidated memory returns it to a labile state that requires it to be restabilized. Consolidation of new fear memories has been shown to require de novo RNA and protein synthesis in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). We ha...

Addicts repeatedly relapse to drug seeking even after years of abstinence, and this behavior is frequently induced by the recall of memories of the rewarding effects of the drug. Established memories, including those induced by drugs of abuse, can become transiently fragile if reactivated, and during this labile phase, known as reconsolidation, can be persistently disrupted. Here we show that, ...

Consolidation of new memories depends on a crucial phase of protein synthesis. It is widely held that, once consolidated, memories are stable and resilient to disruption. However, established memories become labile when recalled and require another phase of protein synthesis to be maintained. Therefore, it has been proposed that when a memory is reactivated it must undergo additional consolidat...

The hippocampus is critical for formation of spatial memories. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons in freely behaving animals exhibit spatially selective firing patterns, which taken together form an internal representation of the environment. This representation is thought to contribute to the hippocampal spatial memory system. Behavioral long-term memories differ from short-term memories in requiri...

the controversial theories of modern physics created a remarkable revolution in twentieth-century literature. the progressive novelists of the century, inspired by the concepts in quantum mechanics, expressed the concerns of living in the modern world in the form of non-linear, heterogeneous writing based on doubt. in his autobiographical work, entitled w or the childhood memory, george perec p...

CPEB is a sequence-specific RNA binding protein that regulates translation at synapses. In neurons of CPEB knockout mice, synaptic efficacy is reduced. Here, we have performed a battery of behavioral tests and find that relative to wild-type animals, CPEB knockout mice, although similar on many baseline behaviors, have reduced extinction of memories on two hippocampal-dependent tasks. A corresp...

Memories are believed to be stored in distributed neuronal assemblies through activity-induced changes in synaptic and intrinsic properties. However, the specific mechanisms by which different memories become associated or linked remain a mystery. Here, we develop a simplified, biophysically inspired network model that incorporates multiple plasticity processes and explains linking of informati...

Objectives: The aim of this research is to design a neuro-cognitive program, based on dysfunctions and alterations of some neural circuits in dyslexics. The visual and auditory working memories in pre-schoolers were evaluated with this program in order to early screening for dyslexia. Methods: This study is a longitudinal descriptive research. A total of 259 randomly selected pre-schoolers, wi...

We construct exact solutions to Einstein equations which represent relativistic disks imbedded in an expanding FRW Universe. It is shown that the expansion influences the kinematical characteristics of the disks such as rotational curves, surface mass density, etc. The effects of the expansion are exemplified with non-static generalizations of Kuzmin-Curzon and Schwarzschild disks. Subject head...