Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 3 rd generation quaternary ammonium compounds and formaldehyde for fumigation of operation theatres. Materials and Methods: Fumigation and fogging of operation theatres by formaldehyde and 3 rd generation quaternary ammonium compounds respectively were done by standard procedures. A total of 144 samples (swabs as well...

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 contains six putative quaternary ammonium transporters (Qat), of the ABC family. Qat6 was strongly induced by hyperosmosis although the solute transported was not identified. All six systems were induced by the quaternary amines choline and glycine betaine. It was confirmed by microarray analysis of the genome that pRL100079-83 (qat6) is the most strongly...

BACKGROUND Endocavity ultrasound is seen as a harmless procedure and has become a common gynaecological procedure. However without correct disinfection, it may result in nosocomial transmission of genito-urinary pathogens, such as high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV). We aimed to evaluate the currently recommended disinfection procedure for covered endocavity ultrasound probes, which consist...

BACKGROUND Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), which contain benzalkonium chloride as the most widely used agent, are employed as wound and skin antiseptics, as well as disinfectants in hospitals. The resistance mechanism to disinfectants is usually determine by genes which are related to resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, namely, qacE, qacΔE1, qacΔE1 that are found in Gram-negative ...

The food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is often found in food production environments. Thus, controlling the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in food production is a great challenge for food safety. Among a great diversity of L. monocytogenes strains from food production, particularly strains belonging to sequence type (ST)121 are prevalent. The molecular reasons for the abundance of...

A new category of amphiphilic hydrolyzable quaternary ammonium compounds with rapid and high levels of antimicrobial activity was studied. The compounds, alkanoylcholines with hydrocarbon chains of 10 to 14 carbon atoms, are hydrolyzed by butyrylcholine esterase, which is present in human serum and mucosal membranes. The hydrolysis products are common components of human metabolism. Alkanoylcho...

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the means of controlling it, continue to be of major interest to the healthcare community. The bactericidal activity of some disinfectants which are in common use in seven major tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh was tested against two control strains of S. aureus, namely MRSA ATCC 33591 and Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)...

Leucothrix mucor Oersted, the primary cause of filamentous gill disease in cultured shrimp, was treated with algicides and surfactants by a serial dilution method. It was found to be highly sensitive to those algicides containing quaternary ammonium compounds. Copper-containing compounds and Formalin were less effective, whereas potassium permanganate and two surfactants, Dreft and Alconox, wer...

MCCULLOCH, E. C. 1947 The real and apparent bactericidal efficiencies of quaternary ammonium compounds. J. Bacteriol., 53: 370. MCCULLOCH, E. C., HAUGE, S., AND MIGAKI, H. 1948 The role of disinfectants in veterinary medicine. II. A critical evaluation of the quaternary ammonium compounds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 112: 283-290. STUART, L. S. 1947 N.A.I.D.M.-U.S.D.A. report on quaternary ammoniu...

Branched quaternary ammonium molecules were synthesized and characterized by calorimetric, optical and X-ray diffraction studies; two of the molecules exhibited interesting nematic liquid crystalline behavior close to room temperature.