HITING (1945), working on the parasitic wasp Habrobracon, developed a timing method that distinguished oocytes irradiated in the first meiotic metaphase (metaphase I) from those irradiated in the first meiotic prophase (prophase I) . She used embryo lethality of X-irradiated eggs from diploid virgins, which measured mostly dominant lethality, and found that metaphase I oocytes are approximately...

Cytokines, hormonelike proteins, produced by stimulated cells and tissues, were found to protect mice against lethal hematopoietic failure caused by ionizing radiation. Radioprotection was achieved by pretreatment with interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-12, or stem cell factor (SCF) at 18 to 24 hr before irradiation. Pretreatment with antibodies to these cytokines rendered th...

The mutagenic effects of doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR) on mouse spermatogonial stem cells were examined by analysis of spermatocyte chromosomes and of dominant lethality transmitted through the spermatozoa. The effects of ADR on mutations, cytotoxicity, and sperm head abnormalities were compared with those of radiation. The cytotoxic effect of 6 Gy of gamma-radiation on stem spermatogonia was e...

objective(s): this study aimed to determine the possible toxicity of cuo nanoparticles (nps) on oncorhynchus mykiss by evaluating hematological parameters.materials and methods: fish were sampled and treated in 4 aquariums containing the concentration ranges of 1, 5, 20 and 100 ppm of cuo nps. there was one control group (no cuo nps) and three replicates. the physicochemical properties of water...