Abstract How credulous are we when engaging information on social media? Addressing this question, article aims to understand how individuals’ epistemic vigilance, a set of cognitive mechanisms that comprise our system precaution in interactions, may operate and fall short. Reporting findings from two survey experiments (Study 1, N = 413; Study 2, 392), show participants tended be skeptical tow...

in most of the education systems throughout the world, art is viewed as a subject of study with secondary importance. this is while art, understood in light of its profound impact on the development of human cultures, can perform unique educational functions that are out of the reach of other subjects. all-round education, therefore, is only obtained through an art-reach education program. art...

The article deals with Hurka?s critique of Kymlicka and Arneson?s Dworkin on endorsement constraint thesis, according to which a person cannot have valuable life if values are imposed her - primarily by state action overriding preferences convictions the good life. This thesis has often been identified neutral liberalism counterposed perfectionism. text argues against argument that mild coercio...

as the main part of a large-scale project, the present study investigated the relationship among reflective thinking, listening anxiety, and listening comprehension of iranian efl learners with regard to their proficiency level. to this end, 223 (106 intermediate and 117 advanced) adult male and female iranian efl learners from a private language institute took part in the study by completing t...

The expression of one’s opinion through endorsement is one of the simplest methods of democratic participation. The result of an endorsement can be used to evaluate whether a certain subject should deserve a higher attention. In some cases, the endorsers desire privacy protection. However, conventional paper-based endorsement systems provide neither convenience nor well privacy protection for t...