The chemical master equation is considered an accurate description of general chemical systems, and especially so for modeling cell cycle and gene regulatory networks. This paper proposes an efficient way of solving the chemical master equation for some prototypical problems in systems biology. A comparison between this new approach and some traditional approaches is also given.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding regulatory RNAs molecules with a size of approximately 22 nucleotides that are implicated in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional regulatory levels. Inflammatory disorders especially autoimmune diseases (ADs) occur from an abnormal immune response of body against cells of their own specific tissues or multiple organ systems leading to ch...

A central problem in designing effective models of provider governance in health systems has been to ensure an appropriate balance between the concerns of public sector and/or government decision-makers, on the one hand, and of non-governmental health services actors in civil society and private life, on the other. In tax-funded European health systems up to the 1980s, the state and other publi...

We examine adaptive behavior in forming and changing utility regulatory systems. Systems with independent regulatory agencies dampen the effects of political and market power, and diminish information asymmetries, which improves sector performance. But creating or adapting the system triggers resistance from those who experience loss and at weakens regulatory effectiveness for some period of ti...

conclusions based on the presence of ta systems in the majority of p. aeruginosa isolates, these could be used as a novel target for antimicrobial therapy. results our results showed that in the 174 p. aeruginosa isolates, relbe and higba were universal, but parde was less prevalent. both of the flanking regions of the parde genes in all positive isolates were amplified. the flanking regions of...

Background New technologies constitute an important cost-driver in healthcare, but the dynamics that lead to their emergence remains poorly understood from a health policy standpoint. The goal of this paper is to clarify how entrepreneurs, investors, and regulatory agencies influence the value of emerging health technologies.   Methods Our 5-year qualitative research program examined the proces...

Background: Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells derived from germ cell tumors are valuable tools for investigating differentiation and developmental biology processes in vitro. The advantage of the reproducible and rapid expansion of these cell lines provides a useful alternative to embryos for the study of mammalian cell differentiation. During early stages of cell differentiation, the rate of tran...