Restoration activities intended to improve the condition of streams and rivers are widespread throughout the Upper Midwest, U.S.A. As with other regions, however, little information exists regarding types of activities and their effectiveness. We developed a database of 1,345 stream restoration projects implemented from the years 1970 to 2004 for the states of Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin in o...

Computer systems are constantly under the threats of being attacked and in many cases these attacks succeed. Today’s networked systems are thus built to be intrusion tolerant. In a large scale, the progresses of compromising the networked system and recovering the damage will carry on in parallel, allowing services to be continued (at a degraded level). One of the key problems in the restoratio...

Globally, fisheries are in decline and many parts of the world illegal fishing is a major cause these declines. Ecological restoration needs to be promoted, inter alia through improved enforcement, but, which method most successful at improving fish stocks, as well having highest economic returns? We compare one open-loop (without feedback) three closed-loop (with benefit–cost models representi...

Large IP backbone networks today are mostly deployed directly over sequences of point-to-point DWDM systems or chains of newer ROADM-based ultra long haul systems, interconnected by OEO regenerators. The next generation core optical network is moving toward an all-optical network architecture that is based on multi-degree ROADMs to reduce OEO regeneration cost as well as enabling automatic reco...

This study uses travel cost and contingent valuation methods to derive estimates of economic value for recreational use of Los Nevados National Park in the Andean region of Colombia. Park visitors were surveyed regarding their travel costs and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for ecological restoration of areas affected by wildfires in 2006. The travel cost data was analyzed using a zonal travel cost m...