Calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. The upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. In this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...

A novice engineer often faces many difficulties during the design of liquid retaining structures, which involve making many decisions on the basis of judgment, heuristics, code of practice, rules of thumb, and previous experience. There is a need to develop programming environments that can incorporate engineering judgment along with algorithmic tools. In this paper, the development of a web-ba...

This paper delineates the development of a prototype hybrid knowledge-based system for the optimum design of liquid retaining structures, OPTLIQ, by coupling the blackboard architecture, an expert system shell VISUAL RULE STUDIO and genetic algorithm (GA). Through custom-built interactive graphical user interfaces under a user-friendly environment, the user is directed throughout the design pro...

In recent years, various studies have been undertaken on how to use waste materials in civil engineering projects. Among waste materials, waste rubber has been highlighted to be used for different purposes such as reinforcing of soil and making of reinforced slopes. To investigate the properties of granulated rubber-soil mixture and its application in making of slopes behind retaining walls, so...

Optimal design of cantilever reinforced concrete retaining wall can lead considerable cost saving if its involvement in hill road formation and railway line formation is significant.  A study of weight reduction optimization of reinforced cantilever retaining wall subjected to a sloped backfill using Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) is carried out in the present research.  The r...