Cases of fractured mobile unicompartmental knee bearings have recently been reported. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanics behind these fractures and to examine the influence of different design modifications. A parametric finite element model was used to examine the influence of different geometrical factors on the stresses within the bearing. Crack initiation occurred cli...

PURPOSE Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a common secondary condition associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of this review was evaluate the literature pertinent to designing an effective, safe weight-bearing exercise program to reduce the risk of low BMD in children with JIA. SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS Thirty-seven articles on the risk of low BMD and children with JIA, ...

2.1 THE BASIC FRAMEWORK....................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 RISK AVERSION.................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 THE VALUE OF CHANGES IN RISK ......................................................................

Background risk can influence the performance of insurance markets that must deal with adverse selection when applicants are risk vulnerable, since they are more averse to bearing the insurable risk as a result of their exposures to background risk. We show that background risk always results in a lower deductible for the incentive constrained contract, and that a broader range of markets attai...

We proposed a method to quantify the yield of an IT-investment portfolio in an environment of uncertainty and risk. For various common implementation scenarios such as growing demands during implementation without deadline extensions we showed how to monetize their impact on the net present value. Depending on the business case this can lead to higher or lower gains. We also took failure of pro...

The theory of moral hazard distinguishes two fundamental tradeoffs, one between risk sharing and incentives, and the other between surplus extraction and incentives. This paper isolates the former tradeoff and uses it to examine the “Knightian” theory of entrepreneurship, in which entrepreneurs provide insurance to workers by paying fixed wages, and profits are the residual from risk bearing. E...