We study equity in economies where a set of agents commonly own a technology producing a non-rival good from their private contributions. A social ordering function associates to each economy a complete ranking of the allocations. We build social ordering functions satisfying the property that individual welfare levels exceeding a legitimate upper bound should be reduced. Combining that propert...

Modern economics modeling practice involves highly unrealistic assumptions. Since testing such models is not always an easy enterprise, researchers face the problem of determining whether a result is dependent (or not) on the unrealistic details of the model. A solution for this problem is conducting robustness analysis. In its classical form, robustness analysis is a non-empirical method of co...

The efficiency and robustness of reliability methods are two important factors in the first-order reliability method (FORM). The conjugate choice control (CCC) and directional chaos control method (DCC) are developed to improve the robustness and efficiency of the FORM formula using the stability transformation method. In this paper, the CCC and DCC methods are applied for the reliability analy...