The purpose of this updating manuscript is to briefly describe the profile, clinical use and indication of some of the most used sedative and hypnotic compounds. About 2/3 of all hypnotic prescriptions go to chronic use. Benzodiazepines are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide. Women, elderly, psychiatric and medical disease patients are among chronic users of hypnotics. Zolpidem is now th...

Zaleplon (ZP) is a sedative and hypnotic drug used for the treatment of insomnia. Despite its potent anticonvulsant activity, ZP not commonly convulsion since characterized by low oral bioavailability as result poor solubility extensive liver metabolism. The following study aimed to formulate specifically controlled release nano-vehicles parenteral delivery enhance biological activity. A modifi...

INTRODUCTION Older people often use medications with anticholinergic or sedative side effects which increase the risk of falling and worsen cognitive impairment. The Drug Burden Index (DBI) is a measure of the burden of anticholinergic and sedative medications. Medication reviews are typically done by a pharmacist in collaboration with a general practitioner to optimise the medication use and r...

INTRODUCTION Sedative and analgesic drugs are frequently used in critically ill patients. Their overuse may prolong mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the intensive care unit. Guidelines recommend use of sedation protocols that include sedation scores and trials of sedation cessation to minimize drug use. We evaluated processed electroencephalography (response and state entropy and bi...

• Objective: To assess the impact of daily interruption of sedative infusions on duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay (LOS) in patients receiving either midazolam and morphine or propofol and morphine. • Design: Randomized controlled trial. • Setting and participants: 128 mechanically ventilated adult patients receiving continuous sedative infusions in a medical intensive care ...

The Classification of Psychoactive Drugs Sedative Hypnotics and Antianxiety Agents Focus on Disorders: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Antipsychotic Agents Antidepressants Focus on Disorders: Depression Narcotic Analgesics Stimulants Drugs, Experience, Context, and Genes Tolerance Sensitization Addiction and Dependence Explaining Drug Abuse Behavior on Drugs Why Doesn’t Everyone Abuse Drugs? Can Drugs C...

OBJECTIVE Describe the pharmacoepidemiology of sedative medications and nurse-rated patients' behavior and sedation adequacy. DESIGN Cohort study, 2001-2003. PATIENTS Patients ventilated for >36 hrs in a medical or surgical intensive care unit at a university-affiliated hospital. Proxies for 312 eligible subjects were approached for consent, 277 subjects enrolled, and data from 274 subjects...