Hierarchical social networks appear in a variety of contexts, such as the on-line social network Twitter, the social organization of companies, and terrorist networks. We examine a dynamic model for the disruption of information flow in hierarchical social networks by considering the vertex-pursuit game Seepage played in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). In Seepage, agents attempt to block the mo...

Water flooding microscopic seepage experiment is an effective method to study the microvadose mechanisms as well as the distributions of remaining oil. Throughout the experiment the quantitative description of the porous medium fluid flow parameters such as porosity, oil saturation and so forth is crucial. A quantitative analysis method is proposed via image processing, including image preproce...

On a stepped spillway, the steps contribute to some dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy, while free-surface aeration can be very intense. The aim of this study is to investigate the two-phase flow properties on a gabion stepped spillway, including both free-surface and seepage flows, as well as the bubbly flow interactions at the gabion interface. Detailed measurements were conducted in...

The water budget in clay shale terrain is controlled by a complex interaction between the vertisol soil layer, the underlying fractured rock, land use, topography, and seasonal trends in rainfall and evapotranspiration. Rainfall, runoff, lateral flow, soil moisture, and groundwater levels were monitored over an annual recharge cycle. Four phases of soil–aquifer response were noted over the stud...

In recent years, many disasters due to floods have occurred around the world. In some cases, the level of river water exceeded the estimated high-water level. It is necessary, therefore, to reconsider the evaluation method for river dike embankments during floods for the safety of the embankments. In this study, a deformation analysis is proposed that can simultaneously consider the unsaturated...

Constructed wetlands positioned in the landscape between row crop agriculture and surface waters can be used to intercept tile drainage and serve as agricultural waste water detention basins. A potential exit pathway in constructed wetlands for detained water and possibly NO3 -N is via seepage through and under an earthen berm. The objective of this study was to determine if seepage was an impo...

We present an experimental approach for investigating the potential for bioremediation of Ž . volatile organic compounds VOCs in fractured rock vadose zones. The experimental work was performed with rock samples and indigenous microorganisms from the site of the United States Ž . Department of Energy’s Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory INEEL , located in a basalt flow basi...

Seepage in a medium packed with particles of variable granular size can be seen in many fields of engineering applications. Due to the relative complex spatial aspect of pore geometry, there are notable differences in the critical parameters of flow transition (Reynolds number and Forchheimer number) between different structures. It is difficult to distinguish the available range of seepage equ...

Groundwater is an important factor of slope stability, and 90% of slope failures are related to the influence of groundwater. In the past, free surface calculations and the prediction of water inflow were based on Darcy's law. However, Darcy's law for steady fluid flow is a special case of non-Darcy flow, and many types of non-Darcy flows occur in practical engineering applications. In this pap...