Chemical and biological warfare agents (CBWA's) are diverse in nature; volatile acute low-molecular-weight toxic compounds, chemical warfare agents (CWA's, gaseous choking and blood agents, volatile nerve gases and blister agents, nonvolatile vomit agents and lacrymators), biological toxins (nonvolatile low-molecular-weight toxins, proteinous toxins) and microbes (bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae...

The occurrence of nucleic acid cross contamination in the laboratory resulting in false positive results of diagnostic samples is seriously problematic. Despite precautions to minimize or even avoid nucleic acid cross contaminations, it may appear anyway. Until now, no standardized strategy is available to evaluate the efficacy of commercially offered decontamination reagents. Therefore, a prot...

A great amount of radioactive concrete waste was produced from the decontamination and decommissioning of a research reactor and uranium conversion plant at KAERI. To reduce the volume of concrete waste, a separation technology of porous fine cement paste from the gravel and aggregate in concrete through a thermal and mechanical treatment was developed [1]. However, since some gravel and aggreg...

In Korea, there are not detailed analysis data on soil contamination in nuclear power plant(NPP) and suitable treatment criteria of contaminated soils. When the soils of NPP were contaminated, they have been simply collected and kept in radioactive waste building. But contamination of soils in NPP is inevitable and enormous amounts of contaminated soils can be produced during decommissioning. T...

Self-decontaminating materials are defined as substances or objects designed and fabricated to deactivate pathogenic microorganisms or chemical warfare agents. Self-decontamination makes it possible for continuous protection against toxic materials. In order to develop destructive barriers against biological and chemical air pollutants, protective clothing and membranes using catalytic or enzym...

INTRODUCTION : The increasing incidence of natural and non-natural disasters has become a new challenge for nurses in the emergency department (ED). efficiency health services provided to community is needed optimize disaster preparedness management by ED. This study aimed assess level assessment among Padang Indonesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional design was conducted three departme...

INTRODUCTION During hygienic-microbiological monitoring of the water quality in dental units, the total bacterial colony count was found to exceed the limits for drinking water quality; in addition, mold contamination was detected. The presumed cause was irregular decontamination of the units through purging and intensive decontamination. METHODS To decontaminate the units, the manufacturer's...

This study addresses the individual decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWA) and other hazardous substances. The individual decontamination applies to contaminated body surfaces, protective clothing and objects immediately after contamination, performed individually or by mutual assistance using prescribed or improvised devices. The article evaluates the importance of individual deconta...

The microbial ecology in the human digestive tract is diverse and here environmental triggers, immune signals and genetic susceptibility can affect the human host’s response to infection [1]. Selective decontamination has emerged as a potential treatment for patients at high risk of infection such as those; in the critical care environments, undergoing invasive surgical operations, or with sign...