Monitoring microbiological water quality is important for protecting water resources and the health of swimmers. Routine monitoring relies on cultivating fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), frequently using defined substrate technology. Defined substrate technology is designed to specifically enrich for FIB, but a complete understanding of the assay microbiology requires culture-independent analysi...

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals has been studied in aquatic flora and fauna to a greater extent than in terrestrial animals. Hence, this study was performed to find out whether lead was excreted in the milk of buffaloes reared near the Cooum belt which was fed by contaminated feed and polluted water from the nearby wells. The concentrations of lead in milk of buffaloes fed under farm conditions...

Studies indicate nutrient levels in the coastal waters surrounding the Florida Keys are increasing and sewage disposal is suspected to be a source of nitrogen that is adversely affecting the normally oligotrophic marine waters. Typical methods of wastewater disposal include large municipal wastewater treatment plants, smaller “package” wastewater treatment plants, and onsite sewage treatment an...

Preface The purpose of this publication is to describe on-site technologies for treating domestic sewage where conventional means (public sewer or septic tank with drainfield) are not available. These technologies are described as alternatives in this publication. Our goal is to provide information that can be used by property owners and residents to initiate action to rectify sewage disposal p...

BACKGROUND In highly populated African urban areas where access to clean water is a challenge, water source contamination is one of the most cited risk factors in a cholera epidemic. During the rainy season, where there is either no sewage disposal or working sewer system, runoff of rains follows the slopes and gets into the lower parts of towns where shallow wells could easily become contamina...

Current strategies to protect groundwater sources from microbial contamination (e.g., wellhead protection areas) rely upon natural attenuation of microorganisms between wells or springs and potential sources of contamination and are determined using average (macroscopic) groundwater flow velocities defined by Darcy's Law. However, field studies of sewage contamination and microbial transport us...

The use of water from wells is a necessity in urban and rural areas, depending on population development the lack quick effective distribution. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate quality artesian located municipality Lucas do Rio Verde - MT. In methodology, microbiological analysis was carried out physical-chemical parameters samples were evaluated, collected distributed area ​​the city with...

Nowadays, it is vital to pay attention more seriously to the urban environmental risks because of its effects on citizens' lives. One of these problems is groundwater pollution which threatens much valuable water resources. Drinking water in Qom City is provided from different resources, such as watersheds and water wells which are located within the city. Although there is a shortage of water ...