in this research, we analyzed and compared different models of organizational culture that include: harrison (1972) and handy (1978), deal & kennedy (1982), quinn (1988), deashpande (1993), schneider (1994), sonenfield (1373), hellringle & slocum (1994), daft (1998), quinn & cameron (1999), deshpande & farely (2004), denison (2007). we collected these models based on competing value framework. ...

Debate continues about the ethics of sham surgery controls. The most powerful argument for sham surgery controls is that rigorous experiments are needed to demonstrate safety and efficacy of surgical procedures. Without such experiments, there is danger of adopting worthless procedures in clinical practice. Opponents of sham surgery controls argue that sham surgery constitutes unacceptable viol...

Most randomised-controlled trials of acupuncture use penetrating sham acupuncture as control intervention. Sham acupuncture is described as acupuncture at points which are not known as acupuncture points. Because of physiological changes due to skin penetration sham acupuncture should not be defined as placebo control. In 1998 a new placebo needle was introduced by Streitberger. This placebo ne...

accepted, more obvious evidence is needed. In PPI, return of colonic motility is a hindmost concern; it takes 48 to 72 hours. Sham feeding enhances gastric emptying and increases rectosigmoid pressure activity. However, the influence of gum chewing on colonic motility is not clear. Alvimopan, a peripherally-acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist, was recently approved for the reduction of PPI afte...