Interferons (IFNs) are a family of small regulatory glycoproteins that play a central role in the defense against viral infections. Although IFNs have been initially discovered as antiviral factors, today they are known as an integral part of the cytokine network that affect a wide range of biological processes. IFNs exert their pleiotropic effects through their multisubunit cell surface recept...

colorectal cancer (crc) is the second leading cause of cancer death. progress has been made in the development of chemotherapy for advanced crc. targeted therapies against vegf or egfr are now commonly used. however, many cases show that tolerance develops to such treatments; therefore, new strategies are required to replace or complement current therapies. nuclear factor-?b (nf-?b) transcripti...

It is estimated that up to 20% of all types of human cancers worldwide are attributed to viruses. The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. The modulation of cell cycle control mechanisms, cellular regulatory and signaling pathways by oncogenic viruses, plays an important role in viral carcinogenes...

signaling in pluripotent stem cells is a complex and dynamic process involving multiple mediators, finely tuned to balancing pluripotency and differentiation states. characterizing and modifying the necessary signaling pathways to attain desired cell types is required for stem-cell applications in various fields of regenerative medicine. these signals may help enhance the differentiation potent...

scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of the ldm approach in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris, and positive preliminary data regarding the oral administration of low dose activated cytokines for vitiligo and atopic dermatitis treatment, support the ldm-based therapeutic approach for many dermatological diseases. ldm suggests the use of low-doses of activated biological molecu...

Background: Survival of the conceptus is dependent on continuous progesterone signaling in the maternal decidua but how this is achieved under conditions of oxidative stress that characterize early pregnancy is unknown. Materials and Methods: Laboratory-based analysis of endometrial biopsies and primary endometrial cultures. Results: Using primary cultures, we show that modest levels of reactiv...

    A review of previous research on receptive skills among EFL learners  reveals that in contrast  to extensive research in reading, fewer studies have focused on the process  of listening comprehension in EFL contexts. The current study examines the effects of discourse signaling cues on Iranian EFL students' listening comprehension in academic lectures and also investigates the effect of tea...